Czerwony głód
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- Create Date：2022-03-05 09:54:40
- Update Date：2025-09-06
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- Author：Anne Applebaum
- ISBN：8326826146
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Summary
W 1929 roku Stalin zainicjował politykę masowej kolektywizacji， która odebrała ziemię milionom chłopów。 Efektem był śmiertelny głód w latach 1931-32， który pociągnął za sobą 5 milionów ofiar。 Zamiast rozwiązać głodowy problem， Stalin postanowił wykorzystać go do swoich politycznych celów…
W swojej książce Anne Applebaum dowodzi， że ponad trzy miliony Ukraińców zmarło z głodu za sprawą przemyślanych politycznych decyzji Kremla。 Wstrząsający „Czerwony głód” rekonstruuje nie tylko polityczne i narodowościowe tło zbrodni， ale pokazuje tragedię ludzi， którzy w ostateczności dopuszczali się aktów kanibalizmu nawet względem własnych dzieci。 To także książka o uruchomionej przez Stalina machinie propagandy i dezinformacji mającej na celu zatuszowanie faktu istnienia i skali głodu。 Niewątpliwie jest też wciąż aktualnym ostrzeżeniem: politycy są w stanie wykorzystywać kataklizmy do realizowania własnych， podstępnych i zbrodniczych celów。
W swojej książce Anne Applebaum dowodzi， że ponad trzy miliony Ukraińców zmarło z głodu za sprawą przemyślanych politycznych decyzji Kremla。 Wstrząsający „Czerwony głód” rekonstruuje nie tylko polityczne i narodowościowe tło zbrodni， ale pokazuje tragedię ludzi， którzy w ostateczności dopuszczali się aktów kanibalizmu nawet względem własnych dzieci。 To także książka o uruchomionej przez Stalina machinie propagandy i dezinformacji mającej na celu zatuszowanie faktu istnienia i skali głodu。 Niewątpliwie jest też wciąż aktualnym ostrzeżeniem: politycy są w stanie wykorzystywać kataklizmy do realizowania własnych， podstępnych i zbrodniczych celów。
Reviews
Joseph Stieb
，
A disturbing and illuminating study by Anne Applebaum of the genocidal famine imposed by the Soviet regime's incompetence， ideology， and malevolence on Ukraine。 Applebaum can be taken to task for not doing much archival work in this study， but she makes a good argument here that the Holodomor was a fairly deliberate attempt by the Soviet gov't to crush Ukrainian nationalism， feed industrializing areas by seizing grain from the countryside， and carry out utopian collectivization and "dekulakizati A disturbing and illuminating study by Anne Applebaum of the genocidal famine imposed by the Soviet regime's incompetence， ideology， and malevolence on Ukraine。 Applebaum can be taken to task for not doing much archival work in this study， but she makes a good argument here that the Holodomor was a fairly deliberate attempt by the Soviet gov't to crush Ukrainian nationalism， feed industrializing areas by seizing grain from the countryside， and carry out utopian collectivization and "dekulakization" plans。 The disaster had many causes: the crushing of the Ukrainian political elite， the violent and chaotic process of collectivization， the labelling of certain areas as "blacklisted，" the seizure of crops and farm supplies， and then the cutting off of afflicted areas from aid or emigration。 While there was no grand plan to create a famine， it's still fair to call Soviet actions intentional: what do you expect to happen when you shove people off their land， take their food， money， and wares， and prevent from moving to areas where there is food， and then make no effort to help them as they starve to death？ If Armenia was a genocide， so was the Holodomor， by my reckoning。 Applebaum portrays the famine as part of a longstanding Soviet effort to subjugate Ukraine （some things don't change， huh）， erase its identity， language， and history， and impose communist reforms on an unwilling society。 The chapters on the actual famine are chilling and disturbing， some of the most horrific stuff I've read about in all of history。Specialists criticize Applebaum on several accounts， and they have points。 At least since her book on Gulag （her best book）， she isn't an archival rat and relies heavily on published sources。 A little bit of her ideology bleeds through from time to time; for example， she says that peasants were better off on the "free market" instead of socialist economics。 That's obviously true， but what did the "free market" mean in early 20th century Ukraine？ How did they produce and trade before the Bolsheviks came to power？ Applebaum also has a pretty clear political project of rallying democracies to counter the lies and erasures of history perpetrated by authoritarian and totalitarian regimes in the 20th century and today。 I largely support this project， but historians should always be careful to avoid letting these moral and political commitments shape the analysis of history。 I think Applebaum in general does a good job there， but there are slip-ups。 Of course， her critics in academia have their own political commitments （including the odd minimization of Bolshevik and Soviet atrocities and tyranny in the work of people like Sheila Fitzpatrick）。 That being said， Applebaum is a good popular historian， political analyst， and story teller who continues to create timely and moving books about oppression， memory， and resistance in modern Europe。 。。。more
Shana Yates
，
4。5 stars。
Deedee
，
Dewey 947。7084
Thor Nordahl
，
Jeg har for en gangs skyld truffet innertier med å begynne på en bok som senere blir dagsaktuell。Dette folkemordet på Ukrainere under Stalin er helt totalt underkommunisert og glemt og boka er verdt å lese bare av den grunn。 Men på grunn av hendelsene som foregår i Ukraina nå om dagen var det nesten mer interessant å lese de første kapitlene， som handlet om Ukraina som folk og nasjon før sovjet， og hvordan sovjetunionen og senere russland har forholdt seg til landet。
Katie
，
If anyone is still on the communist bandwagon， give them this book to read。 Even Ayn Rand couldn't have imagined anything half so horrifying to dissuade people from the elusive merits of forcing people to reconceptualize property ownership and all that naturally ensues from it。 Note: I don't recommend reading this while hungry。 If anyone is still on the communist bandwagon， give them this book to read。 Even Ayn Rand couldn't have imagined anything half so horrifying to dissuade people from the elusive merits of forcing people to reconceptualize property ownership and all that naturally ensues from it。 Note: I don't recommend reading this while hungry。 。。。more
Dan Contreras
，
TL， DR: El comunismo es malo。Este libro de horror/historia nos relata el viacrucis por el que pasaron los ucranianos durante los primeros 15 años de terror bolchevique。 La ironía del asunto - el país más fértil de Europa muriéndose de hambre， no se pierde sobre la autora。 La autora comienza con la primera hambruna inducida por socialismo - la de 1921， y， por horrible que haya sido， esa no es mas que un pequeño preview del horror que vendría después。 Anne Applebaum traza una historia compleja que TL， DR: El comunismo es malo。Este libro de horror/historia nos relata el viacrucis por el que pasaron los ucranianos durante los primeros 15 años de terror bolchevique。 La ironía del asunto - el país más fértil de Europa muriéndose de hambre， no se pierde sobre la autora。 La autora comienza con la primera hambruna inducida por socialismo - la de 1921， y， por horrible que haya sido， esa no es mas que un pequeño preview del horror que vendría después。 Anne Applebaum traza una historia compleja que involucra los prejuicios de Stalin， la necesidad de los Comunistas de mostrar algún resultado después de 15 años de gobierno y la complicidad de los idiotas útiles （intelectuales） que se hicieron de la vista gorda mientras se encaminaba a Ucrania al desfiladero。 El resultado fue la desastrosa hambruna del 1933 - con 4 millones de muertes en total。 Aquí hay todo: socialistas quitandole comida a pobres campesinos por que eran "kulaks" （derechistas ricos） y desechandola en sus casas。 Abdomenes hinchados， cabezas llenas de fluido， gente demasiado debil para comer， asesinatos por desesperación y 。。。 canibalismo。Verdaderamente el infierno en la tierra。Lo que más llama la atención （y cosa que no sabia） era el reportaje del New York Times al respecto。 Periodico "respetable" con "altos estandares periodisticos" haciendo propaganda pro-Stalin y negando que nada malo estuviera sucediendo。Fue un valiente periodista independiente que visitó ilegalmente Ucrania en plena hambruna que logró sacar la historia al mundo。。。 y la tacharon de "desinformación" los mismos gobiernos occidentales。 Supongo que las cosas con el NYT no cambian casi 100 años después。 Afortunadamente la Union de Republicas Socialistas Sovieticas no fue socialismo de verdad y en cualquier momento algún país aplicará la versión correcta 🙄Es un libro de historia pero se lee como mitad tragedia， mitad horror。 Altamente recomendado。 。。。more
Karen
，
Anne Applebaum’s work is always worth reading but this title seems especially timely。
A Book Vacation
，
I heard an interview with the author and it piqued my interest because I wanted to know about the famine and what Stalin did in 1932/33， but it took entirely too long to get there。 There is a lot of minute details given， like this letter was sent， then this letter replied， and this person did this， and that person did that。。。 And I really just wanted to know what Stalin did and how it affected the people of Ukraine。 When that portion was revealed， it was really interesting。
Matt
，
A few parts drag a little but overall a very good and thorough study on the organized famine that Stalin's regime implemented on the Ukraine。 A few parts drag a little but overall a very good and thorough study on the organized famine that Stalin's regime implemented on the Ukraine。 。。。more
Marshall
，
Great overview
Josie
，
Wow， why did I not know about all this before？ I've heard bits and pieces but just knew so little。 Part of that was how hard Stalin worked to keep it a secret。 Part of it is it was soon overshadowed by the horrors of WWII， but this also needs to be known。 This book is super informative and appears to be very well researched。 It's presented in such a way that I really felt like I was there， seeing what was being described。 It was long and took me a while to get through， but a book I think that re Wow， why did I not know about all this before？ I've heard bits and pieces but just knew so little。 Part of that was how hard Stalin worked to keep it a secret。 Part of it is it was soon overshadowed by the horrors of WWII， but this also needs to be known。 This book is super informative and appears to be very well researched。 It's presented in such a way that I really felt like I was there， seeing what was being described。 It was long and took me a while to get through， but a book I think that really needs to be read and a story that really needs to be known。 。。。more
Dr Anshuman Mishra
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Gripping tale of tragedy。。 a must read。。 quite useful to understand the current Russo Ukrainian conflict。。
Kirill Velizhanin
，
What needs to be known about the level of present-day journalism and how ideologically biased some people can be: https://www。cambridge。org/core/journa。。。Anne Applebaum is not a historian， mostly an ideolog， but her voice is unfortunately much more loud than that of https://en。wikipedia。org/wiki/Stephen。。。 What needs to be known about the level of present-day journalism and how ideologically biased some people can be: https://www。cambridge。org/core/journa。。。Anne Applebaum is not a historian， mostly an ideolog， but her voice is unfortunately much more loud than that of https://en。wikipedia。org/wiki/Stephen。。。 。。。more
Jamie
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Very well-researched。 Very well-written。 Very depressing。
Hunter
，
Sheila Fitzpatrick's ring quite true on this book， coming off as fundamentally sound despite Applebaum doing her best to take back that perception at certain points。 Sheila Fitzpatrick's ring quite true on this book， coming off as fundamentally sound despite Applebaum doing her best to take back that perception at certain points。 。。。more
Ceri Thorman
，
Anne Applebaum’s ‘Red Famine’ is an exploration into the Holodomor – the famine in Soviet Ukraine that saw more than 3。9 million Ukrainians perish between 1931 and 1934。 Applebaum investigates how the famine occurred， who was to blame， and how it has been remembered in history。 Beginning in 1917 with the Ukrainian Revolution， she explores the path of Ukrainian nationalism and Ukrainization， studying both its promotion and putdown by the USSR， and the state of affairs in the present day。 The book Anne Applebaum’s ‘Red Famine’ is an exploration into the Holodomor – the famine in Soviet Ukraine that saw more than 3。9 million Ukrainians perish between 1931 and 1934。 Applebaum investigates how the famine occurred， who was to blame， and how it has been remembered in history。 Beginning in 1917 with the Ukrainian Revolution， she explores the path of Ukrainian nationalism and Ukrainization， studying both its promotion and putdown by the USSR， and the state of affairs in the present day。 The book utilises a variety of primary material that has recently become available following the collapse of the USSR and the emergence of a sovereign Ukraine。 The most impressive use of this primary material lies in the oral accounts used to create an image of the brutal searches that occurred during the famine。 Unlike the blacklists and border controls， no written instructions for the searching and seizure of all food exists。 As such， Applebaum manages to create a vivid representation of the horrors faced during these searches through oral testimony。 There are three main areas where the book adds to current scholarly debates。 Firstly， she addressed the question of whether the Holodomor was a genocide。 Secondly， her argument that collectivisation was a backdrop to the famine but predated the deliberate and genocidal worsening of the famine in Ukraine is a unique answer to the debate over Stalin’s motivations behind collectivisation。 And finally， her Nationalistic interpretation of famine， in other words the interpretation that Ukraine was deliberately targeted， whilst in direct contradiction to the views held by historian Viktor Kondrashin， is ultimately defended well。Applebaum’s argument joins the current discussion amongst scholars as to whether the Holodomor was a genocide。 The majority of scholars agree that the famine in Ukraine was artificially organised， or at least deliberately worsened， in order to break Ukrainian resistance。 Others argue that whilst the famine carried criminal characteristics， geopolitical factors such as modernisation and industrialisation must be taken into account。 Applebaum perhaps sits somewhere in the middle: “Neither crop failure nor bad weather caused the famine in Ukraine…The high number of deaths…were not caused directly by collectivization either。” Applebaum thus characterises Stalin’s collectivisation policy as a backdrop to the more sinister policies: blacklists that prevented towns from trading and receiving goods， roadblocks that prevented escape， requisitions of grain， the violent searching and seizing of anything edible， and the attack on Ukrainian culture and language。 It was these ‘Famine Decisions’ that illustrate how the famine in Ukraine took a genocidal turn in 1932。 The situation in 1932 differed from the famine in 1921 according to Applebaum in several respects: the mass hunger was not kept a secret and the regime tried to help the starving namely by accepting international aid。 Crucially， there was no evidence of a premeditated plan to starve the peasants in 1920-1。 Applebaum believes that the famine decisions give Holodomor ample reason to be labelled genocide， however not withing the terms of international law。 Whilst she demonstrates that Raphael Lemkin took the Ukrainian famine as inspiration in his coining of the word ‘genocide’ in the 1940s， USSR influence within the UN prevented including ‘political groups’ as potential victims of genocide。 Thus， a narrower definition was adopted during the Cold War that focused on race theories and allowed the USSR to escape criminal condemnation。 This narrative， combined with the harrowing atrocities of the Holodomor that Applebaum illustrates， explicitly demonstrates how legal frameworks and definitions are still unsatisfactory。 There is currently a range of interpretations amongst scholars that discuss the motivations behind Stalin’s collectivisation policy。 Applebaum claims that Stalin ‘had determined that the peasantry would have to be sacrificed in order to industrialise the USSR…he knew that they would suffer’。 Stalin essentially aimed to ‘squeeze [the peasantry] harder’。 Mark Tauger cites a wide range of alternative interpretations that claim Stalin was in fact primarily motivated by the appeal of modernisation。 Considering that Applebaum intends to portray collectivisation as a backdrop to the Famine Decisions， it may seem contradictory to give the policy such weight。 However， she highlights that collectivisation and ‘mass confiscations occurred all across the USSR’ and that the subsequent starvation was not exclusively felt in Ukraine， but across all grain-growing regions of the USSR。 This is in line with her national interpretation of the Ukrainian famine of the 1930s; Stalin had yet to impose the Famine Decisions that would ‘twist the knife further， deliberately creating a deeper crisis。’ This leads into the final field in which ‘Red Famine’ joins current scholarly discussion: the national interpretation of the famine。Applebaum argues that Soviet leadership， motivated by a paranoia surrounding Ukrainian revolutionary potential， created a ‘famine within the famine’ ， a disaster that specifically targeted Ukrainians。 Historian Viktor Kondrashin， however， argues that Ukrainian estimates of Ukrainian death rates are too high， whilst the estimates of deaths in regions such as Volga are too low。 Thus， he believes that there were no national differences between the famine policies in Ukraine and Russia。 Applebaum herself highlights this dispute which， if true， would uproot her portrayal of the famine as nationalistic and targeted。 However， this is settled by Applebaum asserting that Kondrashin himself wrote that Stalin saw the food crisis of 1932 as an opportunity to adopt preventative measures against the Ukrainian national movement。 Thus， it seems that Applebaum’s national interpretation of the Holodomor holds。 。。。more
Kristen
，
Engaging and moving。 Not at all the dry recount of history I was expecting
Eli
，
This book was very well-written and informative。 I never knew this much about Soviet history and especially Ukraine。 Anne Applebaum articulately chooses the facts that make the reader feel like they're picturing the Holodomor。 My only issue is that she doesn't include more detailed statements and perspectives from the Soviet or denying-side。 I know that Holodomor denial is unacceptable， yet it would feel more honest if Applebaum covered their arguments in detail to dismantle them。 This book was very well-written and informative。 I never knew this much about Soviet history and especially Ukraine。 Anne Applebaum articulately chooses the facts that make the reader feel like they're picturing the Holodomor。 My only issue is that she doesn't include more detailed statements and perspectives from the Soviet or denying-side。 I know that Holodomor denial is unacceptable， yet it would feel more honest if Applebaum covered their arguments in detail to dismantle them。 。。。more
Amy
，
Don't ever be naive enough to think that a government won't commit atrocities against their own people in order to justify the ends of the powerful。 This is a must read that covers a forgotten genocide that has implications today， especially in regards to Russia and Ukrainian relations。 Don't ever be naive enough to think that a government won't commit atrocities against their own people in order to justify the ends of the powerful。 This is a must read that covers a forgotten genocide that has implications today， especially in regards to Russia and Ukrainian relations。 。。。more
Nick
，
Way back in my uni years as a history student， I had quite a few acquaintances who where involved in all manners of Marxist and communist student groups。 They organized events， studies， showings of （leftist） movies and hosted debates。 One of the debate nights I vividly remembered， was on the Russian revolution。 Now When it comes to the Russian revolution I tended to pick the side of the anarchists point of view and in particular I had a thing for Nestor Makhno。 This stirred up a huge verbal figh Way back in my uni years as a history student， I had quite a few acquaintances who where involved in all manners of Marxist and communist student groups。 They organized events， studies， showings of （leftist） movies and hosted debates。 One of the debate nights I vividly remembered， was on the Russian revolution。 Now When it comes to the Russian revolution I tended to pick the side of the anarchists point of view and in particular I had a thing for Nestor Makhno。 This stirred up a huge verbal fight which went something like this; me: "off course Makhno and his peasant rebels where in the right to fight of Bolsheviks， like everyone else they wanted to take their grain。" "the workers in the city needed that food！" "but what did the peasants get out of that？" "that doesn't matter， the workers revolution needed it and if they did not want to show solidarity， then the Bolsheviks had no choice。" "So what was the difference again with the Tsar's and the white armies again？" "your just some selfish individualist localist！" Based on this， you can imagine I was not a person in need of convincing that A there had been famines in Ukraine during the early USSR period B that these famines cost millions of lives and C that this tragedy could have been at the very least mitigated or even prevented。 So what I was looking for was a more detailed narrative， context and how to look back on this event。 On all of these fronts Applebaum delivered but not quite in the way I would have liked。 Applebaum sought navigate the memories and stories of those that bore witness， participated and dared to speak up or remember the way it happened while contrasting all the time with official statements， guidelines， communication and statements。 the result was I guess intended to show the contrast and show the different worlds this all took place in; on the one had the fields of Ukraine while on the other the bureaus of officials and Stalin's meeting rooms。 That might have been the intention， but it does make a bit clumsy to navigate， as it all forms one narrative where it is easy to lose track of details， hard facts and specific geographic location。 The timing of the book was opportune for Applebaum and although she denies to a certain extent i do see that the message and feeling the book ends with， is influenced by the at that time current events。 The tension and conflict within and between Ukraine and the Russian federation。 This I do think affected the emphasis of motivations of Stalin and USSR for their actions leading up to and during the Famine of 1933。 Applebaum makes a point of emphasizing the anti Ukraine feelings among the soviet elite and their fears of losing grip of the region that they feel was an integral part of Russia and thus the USSR。 Applebaum makes a link between starvation impact variations per region in Ukraine and the amount of perceived resistance or passed rebellion to the USSR project as defining factors。 I can see where she is coming from and I am not going to say that it did not play a role or wasn't a factor， but I do feel that this focus downplays the high modernism rationale behind the collectivization and by extension acceptability of human cost of it all。 As Applebaum herself notes， other regions in the USSR suffered in 1933 as well， in particular kazachstan， so I do feel that putting the emphasis on anti Ukraine autonomy for explaining the rationale behind the USSR non action is not entirely satisfying。 However Applebaum does refrain from making this a Ukraine victims and Russians murderers story。 This is not a piece of propaganda to be dismissed。 Applebaum makes a point of including testimonies and narratives of Ukrainians participating in the forced acquisitions， spying on neighbors and letting family members die for their own survival。 Neither does she omit communist party officials refusing to participate， trying to alleviate or at the very least voiced their concerns to what was happening even if all of that was ineffectual。 Neither does she omit the Nazi occupation and their cynical attempts to politicize the famine of the 1930ties to garner anti ussr support， while the nazi's themselves caused so much hardship and famine during their occupation。 This Nazi propaganda， Applebaum underlines， is the reason for so long the famine of 1933， unlike the famine during the 1920ties civil war， has been denied and dismissed as anti communist lies up until today， which makes it so hard to study let alone discuss publicly。 Applebaum herself comes across as at the very least sympathizing with those who want to call Holodomor a genocide but does not push the issue to the extreme。 However with her choice to emphasize the anti ukraine sentiment in the Moscow response to famine reports one can't be helped but pushed towards calling it a genocide or something very close to it。 But was the famine truly a war on Ukraine by Stalin as she puts it？ To me the core reasons of the tragedy was the horrible idea that the deaths and suffering of the peasants was justifiable because it would allow for transforming them， the region and the USSR as a whole to the idealized society as Stalin and his allies saw it。 This the end justifies the means， a death is a tragedy， but a million deaths is statistics mentality for me is what allowed this to happen。 While the fear， the cooperation out of survival and the dehumanizing of neighbors which started during the civil war， the anti rebel policies and the de kulakization policies， is what turned a brutal action of authoritarian control， collectivization， into a horrible result of human suffering， famine of 1933。 Concerns of loyalty must certainly have played a factor as well as Russian superiority complexes over Ukraine but as of now I can't quite go along with the whole point that this was the determining factor for the extent of the famine or that this explains differences in famine effects between Ukraine regions to the extent Applebaums makes it out to be。 So to some extent my position on Holodomor has not changed that much since that debate during my Uni years but I can and do recommend this book to anyone out there who wants read up on early USSR policies， society and those interested in public memory， conflicting collective narratives and interwovenes with contemporary geopolitics。 。。。more
Fríða
，
This book is amazing。 I have also read Applebaum's Gulag and loved it too。 Amazing writing and references are done very well which is important to me。 This book is amazing。 I have also read Applebaum's Gulag and loved it too。 Amazing writing and references are done very well which is important to me。 。。。more
Iryna Slavych
，
Впродовж десятки років українцям забороняли говорити про те， що сталося。 Тепер вже знаємо， що це була політика Сталіна: знищення голодом цілої нації。Наймасовішим за кількістю смертей став голодомор 1932-1933рр。 Штучний， ретельно спланований голодомор， щоб приборкати та "радянізувати" Україну。 Провідників голоду було чимало。 І щоб розуміти їх причини авторка у своїх дослідженнях повертається до початків радянщини - революції 1917р。， опрацьовуюючи кожну подію。《Людина， що страждає від голоду， занад Впродовж десятки років українцям забороняли говорити про те， що сталося。 Тепер вже знаємо， що це була політика Сталіна: знищення голодом цілої нації。Наймасовішим за кількістю смертей став голодомор 1932-1933рр。 Штучний， ретельно спланований голодомор， щоб приборкати та "радянізувати" Україну。 Провідників голоду було чимало。 І щоб розуміти їх причини авторка у своїх дослідженнях повертається до початків радянщини - революції 1917р。， опрацьовуюючи кожну подію。《Людина， що страждає від голоду， занадто слабка для боротьби。 Голод повністю вбиває здатність до опору》Страшно читати про жорстокий сталінський режим: спустошені владою від продовольства села， доводили людей до розпачу。 Втрачаючи глузд， люди почали їсти людей， батьки своїх же дітей。Виморення голодом стало кінцем українізації。 Після 33-го року на родючі українські ґрунти та на відбудову промисловості переїхали мільйони росіян。 А у повоєнний час ніхто вже не пам'ятав іншої України。 Сумно， бо про ідеологію расової ненависті， яку сповідував гітлерівський режим довідався увесь світ。 Вбивство 6 млн。євреїв нацистами， засуджено міжнародним трибуналом， і визнано геноцидом。 А тоталітарний сталінський режим офіційно так і не був осуджений。 Десятиліттями приховувалася правда。 Голоси з минулого мільйонів заморених голодом жертв так і не почутті на міжнародному рівні。 Люди померли， але народ вижив。 Пам'ять про голод була заборонена， але сьогодні українці говорять про своє минуле。Пам'ятаймо завжди！ Бо ті， кому байдужа історія свого народу， хто не відчуває жодної громадянської відповідальності， навряд чи зроблять життя в країні кращим。Енн Епплбом у своїй книзі трактує， що всі події， починаючи від приходу радянської влади （масові репресії української інтелігенції， Голодомор。。。） мають відношення до останніх подій - це і є першопричини теперішніх українсько-російських відносин。 Своєю агресією Росія об'єднала українську націю， як ніколи。 Цього найбільше боявся Сталін。 。。。more
Jens Doms
，
Het begin leest misschien iets moeilijker。 Applebaum schrijft heel feitelijk en de beschrijvingen van Sovjet-prominenten die bepaalde beslissingen nemen die desastreuze gevolgen hebben leest soms moeilijk。 Maar， naarmate de hoofdstukken passeren komen er persoonlijke en vaak gruwelijke verhalen aan bod。 Die verhalen doen je verstommen en dompelen je onder Applebaum slaagt er in om deze tragedie op een serene en feitelijke manier te beschrijven en te kaderen binnen een groter politiek geheel。
Victoria
，
Scanned this one for a more in-depth understanding of the Holodomor。 Tragic。
Olesya
，
Вражає， наскільки історія може багато пояснити із сьогодення。 Це дослідження українського геноциду у 20-30х роках детальне і пропрацьоване， тому й настільки цінне。 Вбивства інтелігенції як «надлишкових елементів»， деперсоналізація з метою цілковитого винищення народу， переселення у східні і південні регіони росіян， зміщення вини на націоналістів та євреїв… Але джерело усіх рішень відгукується - абсолютна， нелюдська， немислима， жахлива жорстокість однієї хворобливої людини。 Тут дуже слушною була Вражає， наскільки історія може багато пояснити із сьогодення。 Це дослідження українського геноциду у 20-30х роках детальне і пропрацьоване， тому й настільки цінне。 Вбивства інтелігенції як «надлишкових елементів»， деперсоналізація з метою цілковитого винищення народу， переселення у східні і південні регіони росіян， зміщення вини на націоналістів та євреїв… Але джерело усіх рішень відгукується - абсолютна， нелюдська， немислима， жахлива жорстокість однієї хворобливої людини。 Тут дуже слушною була цитата Драча， яку варто пам‘ятати: «Перший урок， який уже стає невід‘ємною складовою національної свідомості українця， полягає у тому， що в Росії ніколи не було， немає і поки що не передбачається іншого інтересу в Україні， ніж винищення до решти， до ноги， до пня української нації»Щоб не повторювати знову «Торгзінів»， фотографій Віненбергера та， зрештою， 4 мільйонів прямих загиблих і 0，6 мільйона непрямих втрат， треба пам‘ятати про важливе。 。。。more
Ricky
，
I finished the book in 2 weeks。 Once you pick it up， you can hardly put it down。The movie "Mr。 Jones" inspired me to know more about the history of Holomodor -- a man-made famine in which the Soviet Union committed genocide against Ukrainian during the 1930s。 Both Russian and Ukrainian share the same ancestral root of East Slavs since the medieval time of Kievan Rus。 But the Communism ideology made Stalin and his commissars deliberately wipe out 5 million innocent lives for enforcing the unpopul I finished the book in 2 weeks。 Once you pick it up， you can hardly put it down。The movie "Mr。 Jones" inspired me to know more about the history of Holomodor -- a man-made famine in which the Soviet Union committed genocide against Ukrainian during the 1930s。 Both Russian and Ukrainian share the same ancestral root of East Slavs since the medieval time of Kievan Rus。 But the Communism ideology made Stalin and his commissars deliberately wipe out 5 million innocent lives for enforcing the unpopular collectivization farming policy， cracking down on the Ukrainian nationalism movement， importing the Western industrial machinery with foreign money earned from expropriating peasants' grain。Communism is evil。 Yet atrocities committed by the Soviet Union in Ukraine are far beyond one's wildest imagination。 It is a dark chapter of human history。 But we should never forget it。 Thus， our future generation will not repeat it。 。。。more
Normz
，
I found this really difficult to read because of how sad it was。 The book itself was well written， Anne Applebaum is great at covering lots of detail without it being boring。
Steinn Thoroddsen
，
The story of the Holodomor is infuriating and tragic。 It brings forth possibly the most evil man in history （Stalin） and his henchmen （Kaganovich et al。）， but it also clearly shows the inbuilt evil of communism。 This is a story of the first 16 years of the Soviet Union and it wasn't a case of communism slowly going wrong， from the start it was a genocidal state that cared nothing for the lives of innocent， honest people。 And despite the USSR not existing anymore， this is a very relevant story to The story of the Holodomor is infuriating and tragic。 It brings forth possibly the most evil man in history （Stalin） and his henchmen （Kaganovich et al。）， but it also clearly shows the inbuilt evil of communism。 This is a story of the first 16 years of the Soviet Union and it wasn't a case of communism slowly going wrong， from the start it was a genocidal state that cared nothing for the lives of innocent， honest people。 And despite the USSR not existing anymore， this is a very relevant story today。 The wounds have not yet healed in Ukraine， thanks in part to the continued denial of the Holodomor by the powers in the Kremlin。 The Russian government needs to come in terms with and apologize for the horrors of the regime that preceded it。 。。。more
Debbie
，
In 2008， Canada （and several other countries） established the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide （"Holodomor"） Memorial Day Act， and that the 4th Saturday in November shall be known as "Ukrainian Famine and Genocide （"Holodomor"） Memorial Day。Holod = hungerMor = exterminationBeing of Ukrainian descent， I thought it only fitting that I read this book at this time， with the hope of gaining more knowledge about this historical atrocity。 Author Anne Applebaum didn't let me down！ Her extensive research de In 2008， Canada （and several other countries） established the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide （"Holodomor"） Memorial Day Act， and that the 4th Saturday in November shall be known as "Ukrainian Famine and Genocide （"Holodomor"） Memorial Day。Holod = hungerMor = exterminationBeing of Ukrainian descent， I thought it only fitting that I read this book at this time， with the hope of gaining more knowledge about this historical atrocity。 Author Anne Applebaum didn't let me down！ Her extensive research detailed the following directives imposed by Stalin that created the famine of 1931-1934 when approximately 5 million people starved to death:1。 collectivization （the replacement of private farms with state-run farms） made entrepreneurial farmers into so-called "paid" laborers。 This led to the loss of the incentive for growing more grain as well as respect for property， dignity， and human life;2。 grain requisitions - Stalin's unrealistic demands were specifically aimed at Ukraine's peasants who couldn't meet grain export requirements （for various reasons。） The goal was to sacrifice the peasant in order to industrialize the USSR; therefore， all grain was confiscated， even that saved for bread and for seed;3。 blacklisted farms and whole villages- extremely harsh punishments （including death！） were meted out when grain quotas weren't met， including the ban of trade， confiscations and various sanctions;4。 strict border controls - meant to keep starving peasants from leaving their homes in search of food;5。 extraordinary searches - it was most disturbing to read how the starving peasants would eat anything， even resorting to cannibalism， in order to survive！ Also disturbing was how brigades were on constant lookout and would take away anything of value that could be exchanged for food， implements that could be used to prepare food， and， of course， "food" itself。 Many people were executed for such "infractions";6。 a call for the end of Ukrainization - this included language， schools， history， culture and overall identity （aka genocide！）; and，7。 blockade of information - Stalin refused to admit he was wrong and went to great lengths to cover up this famine from faking census registries to misleading foreign celebrities and press corps。 Interesting note: Canadian journalist， Rhea Clyman （she is mentioned in Genevieve Graham's book Letters Across the Sea） was forcibly deported when she was caught travelling across the USSR in 1932 and reporting on the Holodomor。Applebaum reports how the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster forced Mikael Gorbachev to initiate his glasnost policy which eventually allowed this famine to be brought to light and confirmed。 This also spawned discussion as to whether or not it should be classified as a genocide。My overall thoughts:1。 Although Applebaum's detailed research made for some heavy academic reading at times， I didn't want to give up on this book since I felt personally invested;2。 I finally learned why some of my Ukrainian ancestors weren't directly affected by this famine; and，3。 I also appreciated the inclusion of 24 pages of black and white photos as well as four maps depicting various points in history relevant to this book。A MUST READ for anyone interested in European history！ 。。。more
Krysia
，
Przede wszystkim jest to książka historyczna， opisuje wydarzenia， które doprowadziły do Wielkiego Głodu w 1933。 Należy podkreślić， że temat jest ważny i tej historii nie można zapomnieć， pozwolić by zaginęła w odmętach przeszłości。 Według szacunków w ludobójstwie na Ukrainie zginęło 5mln ludzi， klęska głodu została wywołana sztucznie przez politykę ZSRR， a nie dlatego， że fizycznie zabrakło pożywienia。 Mam jednak wiele uwag do samej książki。Po pierwsze ciągle powtórzenia。 Autorka powtarza wydarz Przede wszystkim jest to książka historyczna， opisuje wydarzenia， które doprowadziły do Wielkiego Głodu w 1933。 Należy podkreślić， że temat jest ważny i tej historii nie można zapomnieć， pozwolić by zaginęła w odmętach przeszłości。 Według szacunków w ludobójstwie na Ukrainie zginęło 5mln ludzi， klęska głodu została wywołana sztucznie przez politykę ZSRR， a nie dlatego， że fizycznie zabrakło pożywienia。 Mam jednak wiele uwag do samej książki。Po pierwsze ciągle powtórzenia。 Autorka powtarza wydarzenia， zdania， a nawet całe akapity。 To sprawia， że łatwo się pogubić a jednocześnie ciągle tkwi w tym samym punkcie。 To bardziej wygląda jak zaawansowany szkic niż gotowa， przemyślana książka。 Po drugie widać niestety na kartach tej książki samą autorkę i jej przekonania。 Wypowiada się jako osoba z elit， używa neoliberalnego języka， skupia się na aspektach tożsamościowych bardziej niż na innych。 Wydarzenia są ogrywane pod tezę。 Nie są osadzane w otaczających realiach a pokazywane osobno， bez szerokich omówień jakimi cechują się dobre książki historyczne。 Mateczka Rosja to ta bezapelacyjnie zła， Ameryka ta nieskazitelnie dobra。 Autorka zrobiła duży research ale widać， że nie wychodziła dalej niż poza jej własny punkt widzenia。 Są fragmenty gdzie Pani rzuca hasła， krótkie zdania， które nie tworzą ciągów przyczynowo - skutkowych （czyli historia， jedne wydarzenia wynikają z drogich） a jakby pojedyncze scenki， z których powinien wyłonić się obraz。 Dodatkowo występują pomyłki kiedy opisuje ideologię marksistowską czy socjalizm radziecki。 Nie powinno się mylić rodzajów własności przy takim formacie。 To jest druga książka Ann Applebaum jaką przeczytałam， do pierwszej miałam bardzo podobne uwagi， że autorka pod wydarzenia podkłada kalkę z siebie。 Dobry dziennikarz tego nie robi， tym bardziej historyk。 To jest widocznie styl autorki， w mojej ocenie niebezpieczny to zabieg。 Zastanawia mnie dlaczego ta książka ma taką wysoką ocenę。 。。。more
Reference
google book https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=Czerwony głód
hathitrust digital library https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?q1=Czerwony głód&field1=ocr&a=srchls&ft=ft&lmt=ft
The British Library https://bll01.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,Czerwony głód&tab=LibraryCatalog&search_scope=Not_BL_Suppress&vid=44BL_INST:BLL01&lang=en&offset=0